Finanz und Wirtschaft, November 24, 2018. PDF. Ökonomenstimme, November 26, 2018. HTML.

• European firms dealing with Iran face U.S. “secondary sanctions.”
• European counter measures (including a blocking statute) prove toothless.
• Even central banks in the European Union surrender to U.S. pressure, as does SWIFT.
• Ignorance is bliss: For a sovereign, the best protection against foreign states pressuring to monitor domestic citizens and businesses may be to know as little as possible.